فهرست و منابع پایان نامه بررسی اثر ملاتونین در زخم معده ناشی از اتانول در موش صحرایی کلستاتیک
فهرست:
خلاصه.............................................................................................................. 1
فصل اول:.......................................................................................................... 2
(1-1) اهمیت مسأله........................................................................... 3
(2-1) بیان مسأله................................................................................ 4
(3-1) اهمیت مسأله........................................................................... 5
فصل دوم: بررسی متون و مطالعات دیگران در این زمینه................................... 7
(1-2) زخمهای پپتیک......................................................................... 8
(2-2) اشکال غیر معمول اولسر پپتیک................................................ 8
(3-2) اپیدمیولوژی.............................................................................. 9
(4-2) اتیولوژی.................................................................................... 9
(5-2) پاتوژنززخم معده و عوامل مهاجم............................................. 13
(1-5-2) اسید و پپسین............................................................. 13
(2-5-2) معیوب شدن سد مخاطی............................................ 13
(6-2) برخی از عوامل دفاعی در مقابل زخمهای معدی........................ 15
(1-6-2) ترشح موکوس و بی‌کربنات......................................... 15
(2-6-2) جریان خون موضعی................................................... 16
(3-6-2) پروستاگلندین‌های داخلی............................................ 17
(4-6-2) نیتریک اکساید............................................................ 18
(7-2) روشهای ایجاد زخم معده تجربی.................................................. 19
(1-7-2) زخم دارویی یا روش شیمیایی...................................... 19
(2-7-2) روش فیزیکی............................................................... 19
(8-2) روشهای اندازه‌گیری زخم معده.................................................. 23
(1-8-2) J.Score........................................................................ 23
(2-8-2) محاسبه Ulcer index................................................... 23
(3-8-2) تغییرات در گردش خون معده...................................... 24
(9-2) کلستازیس.................................................................................... 25
(10-2) سندروم کلستاز.......................................................................... 25
(11-2) تظاهرات بالینی........................................................................... 25
(12-2) تغییرات بیوشیمیایی................................................................... 26
(13-2) ارتباط یرقان انسدادی با اولسر پپتیک......................................... 28
(1-13-2) تعریف بیماری اولسر پپتیک..................................... 28
(2-13-2) انواع اولسر پپتیک..................................................... 28
(3-13-2) تعریف یرقان............................................................ 28
(4-13-2) بررسی شیوع اولسر پپتیک در بیماران یرقانی........... 28
(5-13-2) سیروز....................................................................... 29
(6-13-2) تعریف واریس مری................................................. 29
(7-13-2) ظهور لیژن‌های موکوسی معدی روده‌ای در
سیروز کبدی................................................................................ 30
(8-13-2) سیروز صفراوی........................................................ 30
(9-13-2) سیروز صفراوی اولیه................................................ 31
(14-2) رادیکالهای آزاد........................................................................ 32
(15-2) رادیکالهای آزاد حاصل از متابولیسم o2................................... 33
(16-2) الکل اتیلیک.............................................................................. 36
(17-2) فارماکولوژی پایه‌ای اتانول......................................................... 36
(1-17-2) مسیر الکل دهیدروژناز........................................... 37
(2-17-2) سیستم میکروزومی اکسید کننده اتانول (MEOS)...... 37
(3-17-2) متابولیسم استالدئید.................................................... 38
(18-2) اثر اتانول در GIT......................................................................... 38
(19-2) الکل و رادیکالهای آزادی که تولید می‌کند.................................. 40
(20-2) ملاتونین...................................................................................... 45
(1-20-2) منشأ ملاتونین در بدن................................................. 45
(2-20-2) ساختمان شیمیایی و کریستالی ملاتونین.................... 46
(3-20-2) اهمیت ملاتونین......................................................... 48
(4-20-2) فارماکوکینتیک ملاتونین............................................ 52
(5-20-2) اثرات جانبی ملاتونین................................................ 54
(6-20-2) موارد منع مصرف ملاتونین........................................ 55
(7-20-2) آنتاگونیست ملاتونین................................................. 55
(8-20-2) تغییرات در ملاتونین با سن....................................... 56
(9-20-2) مکانیزیم عمل ضد رادیکال آزادی ملاتونین و اثر آن
بر روی NO................................................................................... 57
(10-20-2) طرز تشکیل رادیکالهای آزاد اسید چرب و مکانیسم عمل
ملاتونین در مقابل آنها.................................................................... 59
(11-20-2) رادیکالهای آزاد در مغز و عمل ملاتونین در
مقابل آن.......................................................................................... 60
(12-20-2) مکانیزم‌های ضد رادیکال آزادی مغز......................... 61
(13-20-2) نقش ملاتونین.......................................................... 61
(14-20-2) اثر پیش‌گیری ملاتونین از تولید رادیکال آزاد به وسیله مصرف
مزمن اتانول در مغز، ریه، قلب، کبد و بیضه‌ها ............................... 62
فصل سوم: روش کار......................................................................................... 64
(1-3) جامعه آماری............................................................................. 65
(2-3) فرد آماری................................................................................. 66
(3-3) نوع نمونه‌برداری و نوع مطالعه................................................. 67
(4-3) محدودیت‌ها و مشکلات........................................................... 67
(5-3) ملاحظات اخلاقی..................................................................... 68
فصل چهارم:...................................................................................................... 69
(1-4) تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات........................................................... 70
(2-4) روشهای آنالیز آماری.............................................................. 70
(3-4) ارائه جدول................................................................................ 71
(4-4) نمودار و انجام آزمون آماری..................................................... 72
فصل پنجم:........................................................................................................ 75
(1-5) بحث و نتیجه‌گیری................................................................... 76
خلاصه انگلیسی................................................................................................ 78
منابع.................................................................................................................. 79
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